# Dentistry [E06]

> **Definition:** The profession concerned with the teeth, oral cavity, and associated structures, and the diagnosis and treatment of their diseases including prevention and the restoration of defective and missing tissue.
> **MeSH UI:** D003813

## Air Abrasion, Dental [E06.020]

> **Definition:** A technique using a pneumatic, high-pressure stream of aluminum oxide to remove DENTAL ENAMEL; DENTIN; and restorative materials from teeth. In contrast to using DENTAL HIGH-SPEED EQUIPMENT, this method usually requires no dental anesthesia (ANESTHESIA, DENTAL) and reduces risks of tooth chipping and microfracturing. It is used primarily for routine DENTAL CAVITY PREPARATION.
> **MeSH UI:** D020906

## Anesthesia, Dental [E06.045]

> **Definition:** A range of methods used to reduce pain and anxiety during dental procedures.
> **MeSH UI:** D000766

### Hypnosis, Dental [E06.045.481]

> **Definition:** Process in which a patient is induced into a trance-like state in order to relieve anxiety during a dental procedure.
> **MeSH UI:** D006992

## Dental Atraumatic Restorative Treatment [E06.070]

> **Definition:** Treatment modality for DENTAL CARIES that uses manual excavation method and GLASS IONOMER CEMENTS. Because of its noninvasiveness and no need for expensive equipment and anesthesia it is promoted as an approach in places where dental care is not readily available.
> **MeSH UI:** D057087

## Dental Bonding [E06.095]

> **Definition:** An adhesion procedure for orthodontic attachments, such as plastic DENTAL CROWNS. This process usually includes the application of an adhesive material (DENTAL CEMENTS) and letting it harden in-place by light or chemical curing.
> **MeSH UI:** D001840

### Cementation [E06.095.170]

> **Definition:** The joining of objects by means of a cement (e.g., in fracture fixation, such as in hip arthroplasty for joining of the acetabular component to the femoral component). In dentistry, it is used for the process of attaching parts of a tooth or restorative material to a natural tooth or for the attaching of orthodontic bands to teeth by means of an adhesive.
> **MeSH UI:** D002484

### Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives [E06.095.585]

> **Definition:** The hardening or polymerization of bonding agents (DENTAL CEMENTS) via exposure to light.
> **MeSH UI:** D055115

### Self-Curing of Dental Resins [E06.095.850]

> **Definition:** The hardening or polymerization of bonding agents (DENTAL CEMENTS) via chemical reactions, usually involving two components. This type of dental bonding uses a self-cure or dual-cure system.
> **MeSH UI:** D055116

## Dental Care [E06.170]

> **Definition:** The total of dental diagnostic, preventive, and restorative services provided to meet the needs of a patient (from Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982).
> **MeSH UI:** D003729

### Dental Care for Aged [E06.170.100]

> **Definition:** The giving of attention to the special dental needs of the elderly for proper maintenance or treatment. The dental care may include the services provided by dental specialists.
> **MeSH UI:** D016321

### Dental Care for Children [E06.170.152]

> **Definition:** The giving of attention to the special dental needs of children, including the prevention of tooth diseases and instruction in dental hygiene and dental health. The dental care may include the services provided by dental specialists.
> **MeSH UI:** D019140

### Dental Care for Chronically Ill [E06.170.205]

> **Definition:** Dental care for patients with chronic diseases. These diseases include chronic cardiovascular, endocrinologic, hematologic, immunologic, neoplastic, and renal diseases. The concept does not include dental care for the mentally or physically disabled which is DENTAL CARE FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES.
> **MeSH UI:** D017742

### Dental Care for Persons with Disabilities [E06.170.310]

> **Definition:** Dental care for the emotionally, mentally, or physically disabled patient. It does not include dental care for the chronically ill ( = DENTAL CARE FOR CHRONICALLY ILL).
> **MeSH UI:** D003730

## Dental Debonding [E06.178]

> **Definition:** Techniques used for removal of bonded orthodontic appliances, restorations, or fixed dentures from teeth.
> **MeSH UI:** D017005

## Dental Equipment [E06.186]

> **Definition:** The nonexpendable items used by the dentist or dental staff in the performance of professional duties. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p106)
> **MeSH UI:** D003748

### Curing Lights, Dental [E06.186.104]

> **Definition:** Light sources used to activate polymerization of light-cured DENTAL CEMENTS and DENTAL RESINS. Degree of cure and bond strength depends on exposure time, wavelength, and intensity of the curing light.
> **MeSH UI:** D055117

### Dental Articulators [E06.186.210]

> **Definition:** Mechanical devices that simulate the temporomandibular joints and jaws to which maxillary and mandibular casts are attached. The entire assembly attempts to reproduce the movements of the mandible and the various tooth-to-tooth relationships that accompany those movements.
> **MeSH UI:** D003725

### Dental Devices, Home Care [E06.186.250]

> **Definition:** Devices used in the home by persons to maintain dental and periodontal health. The devices include toothbrushes, dental flosses, water irrigators, gingival stimulators, etc.
> **MeSH UI:** D003742

### Dental High-Speed Equipment [E06.186.376]

> **Definition:** Tools used in dentistry that operate at high rotation speeds.
> **MeSH UI:** D003754

### Dental Instruments [E06.186.501]

> **Definition:** Hand-held tools or implements especially used by dental professionals for the performance of clinical tasks.
> **MeSH UI:** D003762

#### Matrix Bands [E06.186.501.630]

> **Definition:** Devices which provide an artificial temporary wall, or matrix, used in filling a prepared cavity.
> **MeSH UI:** D008434

### Rubber Dams [E06.186.670]

> **Definition:** Sheets of latex rubber punched and placed over the teeth during dental procedures to isolate the field of operation from the rest of the oral cavity (Jablonski; Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982). Rubber dams are useful in preventing the swallowing of instruments or restorations during dental work.
> **MeSH UI:** D016733

## Dental Health Surveys [E06.208]

> **Definition:** A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to dental or oral health and disease in a human population within a given geographic area.
> **MeSH UI:** D003753

### Dental Plaque Index [E06.208.250]

> **Definition:** An index which scores the degree of dental plaque accumulation.
> **MeSH UI:** D003774

### DMF Index [E06.208.266]

> **Definition:** Decayed, missing and filled teeth, a routinely used statistical concept in dentistry.
> **MeSH UI:** D004245

### Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need [E06.208.421]

> **Definition:** A dental health survey developed to evaluate a patient's orthodontic treatment need and priority for orthodontic care. The index is based on an assessment of degree of MALOCCLUSION and the potential aesthetic and dental health benefit of the treatment under consideration.
> **MeSH UI:** D061326

### Oral Hygiene Index [E06.208.576]

> **Definition:** A combination of the debris index and the dental calculus index to determine the status of oral hygiene.
> **MeSH UI:** D009911

### Periodontal Index [E06.208.720]

> **Definition:** A numerical rating scale for classifying the periodontal status of a person or population with a single figure which takes into consideration prevalence as well as severity of the condition. It is based upon probe measurement of periodontal pockets and on gingival tissue status.
> **MeSH UI:** D010512

## Dental High-Speed Technique [E06.216]

> **Definition:** Dental methods involving the use of DENTAL HIGH-SPEED EQUIPMENT.
> **MeSH UI:** D003755

## Dental Occlusion [E06.276]

> **Definition:** The relationship of all the components of the masticatory system in normal function. It has special reference to the position and contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth for the highest efficiency during the excursive movements of the jaw that are essential for mastication. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p556, p472)
> **MeSH UI:** D003766

### Bite Force [E06.276.125]

> **Definition:** The force applied by the masticatory muscles in dental occlusion.
> **MeSH UI:** D001732

### Dental Occlusion, Balanced [E06.276.293]

> **Definition:** Dental occlusion in which the occlusal contact of the teeth on the working side of the jaw is accompanied by the harmonious contact of the teeth on the opposite (balancing) side. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p556)
> **MeSH UI:** D003767

### Dental Occlusion, Centric [E06.276.459]

> **Definition:** Contact between opposing teeth during a person's habitual bite.
> **MeSH UI:** D003768

#### Vertical Dimension [E06.276.459.733]

> **Definition:** The length of the face determined by the distance of separation of jaws. Occlusal vertical dimension (OVD or VDO) or contact vertical dimension is the lower face height with the teeth in centric occlusion. Rest vertical dimension (VDR) is the lower face height measured from a chin point to a point just below the nose, with the mandible in rest position. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p250)
> **MeSH UI:** D014716

## Dental Pins [E06.292]

> **Definition:** Small cylindrical pieces of metal used to enhance retention.
> **MeSH UI:** D003772

## Dental Polishing [E06.298]

> **Definition:** Creation of a smooth and glossy surface finish on a denture or amalgam.
> **MeSH UI:** D003775

## Dental Stress Analysis [E06.308]

> **Definition:** The description and measurement of the various factors that produce physical stress upon dental restorations, prostheses, or appliances, materials associated with them, or the natural oral structures.
> **MeSH UI:** D003799

## Diagnosis, Oral [E06.342]

> **Definition:** Examination of the mouth and teeth toward the identification and diagnosis of intraoral disease or manifestation of non-oral conditions.
> **MeSH UI:** D003945

### Dental Caries Activity Tests [E06.342.250]

> **Definition:** Diagnostic tests conducted in order to measure the increment of active DENTAL CARIES over a period of time.
> **MeSH UI:** D003732

### Dental Pulp Test [E06.342.377]

> **Definition:** A diagnostic aid used in evaluating the physical health of teeth. It involves using a tool that transmits hot or cold temperatures, or electric currents to a tooth's surface. The sensitivity to hot or cold or to the currents on a tooth can determine if there are problems with that tooth.
> **MeSH UI:** D003791

### Photography, Dental [E06.342.488]

> **Definition:** Photographic techniques used in ORTHODONTICS; DENTAL ESTHETICS; and patient education.
> **MeSH UI:** D023861

### Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence [E06.342.626]

> **Definition:** A FLUORESCENCE technique used in DENTISTRY for the analysis of mineral changes in DENTAL ENAMEL to detect early DENTAL CARIES, or for the evaluation other normal or pathological processes or lesions of the dental enamel.
> **MeSH UI:** D000078704

### Radiography, Dental [E06.342.764]

> **Definition:** Radiographic techniques used in dentistry.
> **MeSH UI:** D011861

#### Age Determination by Teeth [E06.342.764.142]

> **Definition:** A means of identifying the age of an animal or human through tooth examination.
> **MeSH UI:** D000366

#### Radiography, Bitewing [E06.342.764.600]

> **Definition:** Technique involving the passage of X-rays through oral structures to create a film record while a central tab or wing of dental X-ray film is being held between upper and lower teeth.
> **MeSH UI:** D016300

#### Radiography, Dental, Digital [E06.342.764.716]

> **Definition:** A rapid, low-dose, digital imaging system using a small intraoral sensor instead of radiographic film, an intensifying screen, and a charge-coupled device. It presents the possibility of reduced patient exposure and minimal distortion, although resolution and latitude are inferior to standard dental radiography. A receiver is placed in the mouth, routing signals to a computer which images the signals on a screen or in print. It includes digitizing from x-ray film or any other detector. (From MEDLINE abstracts; personal communication from Dr. Charles Berthold, NIDR)
> **MeSH UI:** D019252

#### Radiography, Panoramic [E06.342.764.750]

> **Definition:** Extraoral body-section radiography depicting an entire maxilla, or both maxilla and mandible, on a single film.
> **MeSH UI:** D011862

#### Sialography [E06.342.764.793]

> **Definition:** Radiography of the SALIVARY GLANDS or ducts following injection of contrast medium.
> **MeSH UI:** D012796

## Electrogalvanism, Intraoral [E06.377]

> **Definition:** Chemical reaction that occurs when saliva comes into contact with the metals in dental fillings. This reaction can send electric currents through the brain causing negative symptoms.
> **MeSH UI:** D004570

## Endodontics [E06.397]

> **Definition:** A dental specialty concerned with the maintenance of the dental pulp in a state of health and the treatment of the pulp cavity (pulp chamber and pulp canal).
> **MeSH UI:** D004708

### Apicoectomy [E06.397.102]

> **Definition:** Excision of the apical portion of a tooth through an opening made in the overlying labial, buccal, or palatal alveolar bone. (Dorland, 28th ed)
> **MeSH UI:** D001047

### Dental Implantation, Endosseous, Endodontic [E06.397.345]

> **Definition:** Insertion of a tapered rod through the root canal into the periapical osseous structure to lengthen the existing root and provide individual tooth stabilization.
> **MeSH UI:** D003759

### Dental Pulp Capping [E06.397.370]

> **Definition:** Application of a protective agent to an exposed pulp (direct capping) or the remaining thin layer of dentin over a nearly exposed pulp (indirect capping) in order to allow the pulp to recover and maintain its normal vitality and function.
> **MeSH UI:** D003785

### Pulpectomy [E06.397.633]

> **Definition:** Dental procedure in which the entire pulp chamber is removed from the crown and roots of a tooth.
> **MeSH UI:** D011670

### Pulpotomy [E06.397.695]

> **Definition:** Dental procedure in which part of the pulp chamber is removed from the crown of a tooth.
> **MeSH UI:** D011672

### Regenerative Endodontics [E06.397.737]

> **Definition:** A dental specialty concerned with biologically-based procedures designed to physiologically replace damaged tooth structures, including dentin and root structures, as well as cells of the pulp-dentin complex.
> **MeSH UI:** D000078483

### Root Canal Therapy [E06.397.778]

> **Definition:** A treatment modality in endodontics concerned with the therapy of diseases of the dental pulp. For preparatory procedures, ROOT CANAL PREPARATION is available.
> **MeSH UI:** D012390

#### Apexification [E06.397.778.188]

> **Definition:** Endodontic procedure performed to induce TOOTH APEX barrier development. ROOT CANAL FILLING MATERIALS are used to repair open apex or DENTAL PULP NECROSIS in an immature tooth. CALCIUM HYDROXIDE and mineral trioxide aggregate are commonly used as the filling materials.
> **MeSH UI:** D056624

#### Dental Pulp Devitalization [E06.397.778.377]

> **Definition:** The destruction of the vitality of the pulp of the tooth. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p243)
> **MeSH UI:** D003787

#### Root Canal Obturation [E06.397.778.778]

> **Definition:** Phase of endodontic treatment in which a root canal system that has been cleaned is filled through use of special materials and techniques in order to prevent reinfection.
> **MeSH UI:** D012389

##### Retrograde Obturation [E06.397.778.778.648]

> **Definition:** Procedure that involves the removal of infectious products from a root canal space through use of special instruments and fillings. This procedure is performed when root canal treatment fails.
> **MeSH UI:** D012184

#### Root Canal Preparation [E06.397.778.889]

> **Definition:** Various preparatory steps prior to ROOT CANAL THERAPY by extirpation of diseased pulp and preparation of access cavity to receive the sealing material.
> **MeSH UI:** D018915

### Tooth Replantation [E06.397.898]

> **Definition:** Reinsertion of a tooth into the alveolus from which it was removed or otherwise lost.
> **MeSH UI:** D014090

## Esthetics, Dental [E06.420]

> **Definition:** Skills, techniques, standards, and principles used to improve the art and symmetry of the teeth and face to improve the appearance as well as the function of the teeth, mouth, and face. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p108)
> **MeSH UI:** D004955

### Enamel Microabrasion [E06.420.500]

> **Definition:** Mechanical removal of a small amount of tooth structure (not more than a few tenths of a millimeter in depth) to eliminate superficial enamel discoloration defects not successfully removed by bleaching techniques. A common abrasive is a mixture of pumice and hydrochloric acid.
> **MeSH UI:** D019243

### Tooth Bleaching [E06.420.750]

> **Definition:** The use of a chemical oxidizing agent to whiten TEETH. In some procedures the oxidation process is activated by the use of heat or light.
> **MeSH UI:** D014073

## Infection Control, Dental [E06.470]

> **Definition:** Efforts to prevent and control the spread of infections within dental health facilities or those involving provision of dental care.
> **MeSH UI:** D019552

## Jaw Relation Record [E06.520]

> **Definition:** A registration of any positional relationship of the mandible in reference to the maxillae. These records may be any of the many vertical, horizontal, or orientation relations. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry)
> **MeSH UI:** D007574

### Centric Relation [E06.520.200]

> **Definition:** The location of the maxillary and the mandibular condyles when they are in their most posterior and superior positions in their fossae of the temporomandibular joint.
> **MeSH UI:** D016302

## Models, Dental [E06.570]

> **Definition:** Presentation devices used for patient education and technique training in dentistry.
> **MeSH UI:** D003765

## Mouth Rehabilitation [E06.584]

> **Definition:** Process of restoring damaged or decayed teeth using various restorative and non-cosmetic materials so that oral health is improved.
> **MeSH UI:** D009065

## Myofunctional Therapy [E06.603]

> **Definition:** Training or retraining of the buccal, facial, labial, and lingual musculature.
> **MeSH UI:** D020247

## Odontometry [E06.623]

> **Definition:** Measurement of tooth characteristics.
> **MeSH UI:** D009811

### Age Determination by Teeth [E06.623.500]

> **Definition:** A means of identifying the age of an animal or human through tooth examination.
> **MeSH UI:** D000366

## Oral Medicine [E06.640]

> **Definition:** A branch of dentistry dealing with diseases of the oral and paraoral structures and the oral management of systemic diseases. (Hall, What is Oral Medicine, Anyway? Clinical Update: National Naval Dental Center, March 1991, p7-8)
> **MeSH UI:** D019242

## Oral Surgical Procedures [E06.645]

> **Definition:** Surgical procedures used to treat disease, injuries, and defects of the oral and maxillofacial region.
> **MeSH UI:** D019647

### Apicoectomy [E06.645.100]

> **Definition:** Excision of the apical portion of a tooth through an opening made in the overlying labial, buccal, or palatal alveolar bone. (Dorland, 28th ed)
> **MeSH UI:** D001047

### Oral Frenectomy [E06.645.225]

> **Definition:** Surgical procedures to release or remove abnormally short or tightly attached frenum (e.g., LINGUAL FRENUM or LABIAL FRENUM) associated with a pathological condition (e.g., TONGUE TIE  and lip tie).
> **MeSH UI:** D000095782

### Gingivectomy [E06.645.350]

> **Definition:** Surgical excision of the gingiva at the level of its attachment, thus creating new marginal gingiva. This procedure is used to eliminate gingival or periodontal pockets or to provide an approach for extensive surgical interventions, and to gain access necessary to remove calculus within the pocket. (Dorland, 28th ed)
> **MeSH UI:** D005890

### Gingivoplasty [E06.645.355]

> **Definition:** Surgical reshaping of the gingivae and papillae for correction of deformities (particularly enlargements) and to provide the gingivae with a normal and functional form, the incision creating an external bevel. (Dorland, 28th ed)
> **MeSH UI:** D005893

### Glossectomy [E06.645.380]

> **Definition:** Partial or total surgical excision of the tongue. (Dorland, 28th ed)
> **MeSH UI:** D005927

### Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal [E06.645.410]

> **Definition:** Techniques for enhancing and directing cell growth to repopulate specific parts of the PERIODONTIUM that have been damaged by PERIODONTAL DISEASES; TOOTH DISEASES; or TRAUMA, or to correct TOOTH ABNORMALITIES. Repopulation and repair is achieved by guiding the progenitor cells to reproduce in the desired location by blocking contact with surrounding tissue by use of membranes composed of synthetic or natural material that may include growth inducing factors as well.
> **MeSH UI:** D016557

### Jaw Fixation Techniques [E06.645.440]

> **Definition:** The stable placement of surgically induced fractures of the mandible or maxilla through the use of elastics, wire ligatures, arch bars, or other splints. It is used often in the cosmetic surgery of retrognathism and prognathism. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p636)
> **MeSH UI:** D019248

### Mandibular Advancement [E06.645.500]

> **Definition:** Moving a retruded mandible forward to a normal position. It is commonly performed for malocclusion and retrognathia. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)
> **MeSH UI:** D019186

### Maxillofacial Prosthesis Implantation [E06.645.510]

> **Definition:** Surgical insertion of an appliance for the replacement of areas of the maxilla, mandible, and face. When only portions of the mandible are replaced, it is referred to as MANDIBULAR PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION.
> **MeSH UI:** D019931

#### Mandibular Prosthesis Implantation [E06.645.510.500]

> **Definition:** Surgical insertion of an appliance for the replacement of areas of the mandible.
> **MeSH UI:** D019930

### Oral Surgical Procedures, Preprosthetic [E06.645.550]

> **Definition:** Surgery necessary for a denture to rest on a firm base, free from marked osseous protuberances or undercuts, and devoid of interfering muscle attachments, excess mucoperiosteum, hyperplasias, and fibrous or papillary growths.
> **MeSH UI:** D013516

#### Alveolar Ridge Augmentation [E06.645.550.100]

> **Definition:** Preprosthetic surgery involving rib, cartilage, or iliac crest bone grafts, usually autologous, or synthetic implants for rebuilding the alveolar ridge.
> **MeSH UI:** D000540

#### Alveolectomy [E06.645.550.110]

> **Definition:** Subtotal or complete excision of the alveolar process of the maxilla or mandible. (Dorland, 28th ed)
> **MeSH UI:** D000541

#### Alveoloplasty [E06.645.550.120]

> **Definition:** Conservative contouring of the alveolar process, in preparation for immediate or future denture construction. (Dorland, 28th ed)
> **MeSH UI:** D000543

#### Dental Implantation [E06.645.550.280]

> **Definition:** The grafting or inserting of a prosthetic device of alloplastic material into the oral tissue beneath the mucosal or periosteal layer or within the bone. Its purpose is to provide support and retention to a partial or complete denture.
> **MeSH UI:** D003757

##### Dental Implantation, Endosseous [E06.645.550.280.280]

> **Definition:** Insertion of an implant into the bone of the mandible or maxilla. The implant has an exposed head which protrudes through the mucosa and is a prosthodontic abutment.
> **MeSH UI:** D003758

###### Blade Implantation [E06.645.550.280.280.150]

> **Definition:** Insertion of an endosseous implant with a narrow wedge-shaped infrastructure extending through the oral mucosa into the mouth and bearing openings or vents through which tissue grows to obtain retention.
> **MeSH UI:** D001751

###### Dental Implantation, Endosseous, Endodontic [E06.645.550.280.280.280]

> **Definition:** Insertion of a tapered rod through the root canal into the periapical osseous structure to lengthen the existing root and provide individual tooth stabilization.
> **MeSH UI:** D003759

###### Immediate Dental Implant Loading [E06.645.550.280.280.450]

> **Definition:** Endosseous dental implantation where implants are fitted with an abutment or where an implant with a transmucosal coronal portion is used immediately (within 1 week) after the initial extraction. Conventionally, the implantation is performed in two stages with more than two months in between the stages.
> **MeSH UI:** D057893

##### Dental Implantation, Subperiosteal [E06.645.550.280.290]

> **Definition:** The grafting or inserting of an appliance designed to fit over the surface of the mandible or the maxilla, beneath the specialized connective tissue that covers the bone (periosteum).
> **MeSH UI:** D016299

#### Vestibuloplasty [E06.645.550.800]

> **Definition:** Those procedures designed to widen the zone of attached gingiva and deepen the vestibular depth which will facilitate the clearance of the area for natural food passage, and provide access for toothbrushing and interdental stimulation.
> **MeSH UI:** D014727

### Orthognathic Surgical Procedures [E06.645.562]

> **Definition:** Surgery performed to repair or correct the skeletal anomalies of the jaw and its associated dental and facial structures (e.g. CLEFT PALATE).
> **MeSH UI:** D056948

#### Alveolar Bone Grafting [E06.645.562.124]

> **Definition:** Surgical procedure to add bone to the ALVEOLAR RIDGE in children born with a CLEFT LIP and a CLEFT PALATE.
> **MeSH UI:** D064728

#### Genioplasty [E06.645.562.249]

> **Definition:** A surgical procedure done largely for cosmetic reasons to correct receding chins, chin misalignment, or chin excess.
> **MeSH UI:** D063172

#### Mandibular Osteotomy [E06.645.562.374]

> **Definition:** Intraoral OSTEOTOMY of the lower jaw usually performed in order to correct MALOCCLUSION.
> **MeSH UI:** D063168

#### Mandibular Reconstruction [E06.645.562.500]

> **Definition:** The physical restoration of oromandibular defects.
> **MeSH UI:** D063175

#### Maxillary Osteotomy [E06.645.562.750]

> **Definition:** Surgery of the upper jaw bone usually performed to correct upper and lower jaw misalignment.
> **MeSH UI:** D063166

### Osteotomy, Le Fort [E06.645.575]

> **Definition:** Transverse sectioning and repositioning of the maxilla. There are three types: Le Fort I osteotomy for maxillary advancement or the treatment of maxillary fractures; Le Fort II osteotomy for the treatment of maxillary fractures; Le Fort III osteotomy for the treatment of maxillary fractures with fracture of one or more facial bones. Le Fort III is often used also to correct craniofacial dysostosis and related facial abnormalities. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1203 & p662)
> **MeSH UI:** D019340

### Osteotomy, Sagittal Split Ramus [E06.645.637]

> **Definition:** Sagittal sectioning and repositioning of the ramus of the MANDIBLE to correct a mandibular retrusion, MALOCCLUSION, ANGLE CLASS III; and PROGNATHISM. The oblique sectioning line consists of multiple cuts horizontal and vertical to the mandibular ramus.
> **MeSH UI:** D059229

### Sinus Floor Augmentation [E06.645.668]

> **Definition:** Guided BONE TRANSPLANTATION of the MAXILLARY SINUS surface with a BONE SUBSTITUTE grafting. It increases the bone volume at the site of the DENTAL IMPLANT and helps stabilize it.
> **MeSH UI:** D059546

### Tooth Extraction [E06.645.700]

> **Definition:** The surgical removal of a tooth. (Dorland, 28th ed)
> **MeSH UI:** D014081

#### Serial Extraction [E06.645.700.680]

> **Definition:** The selective extraction of deciduous teeth during the stage of mixed dentition in accordance with the shedding and eruption of the teeth. It is done over an extended period to allow autonomous adjustment to relieve crowding of the dental arches during the eruption of the lateral incisors, canines, and premolars, eventually involving the extraction of the first premolar teeth. (Dorland, 28th ed)
> **MeSH UI:** D012690

### Tooth Replantation [E06.645.710]

> **Definition:** Reinsertion of a tooth into the alveolus from which it was removed or otherwise lost.
> **MeSH UI:** D014090

## Orthodontics [E06.658]

> **Definition:** A dental specialty concerned with the prevention and correction of dental and oral anomalies (malocclusion).
> **MeSH UI:** D009970

### Dental Marginal Adaptation [E06.658.224]

> **Definition:** The degree of approximation or fit of filling material or dental prosthetic to the tooth surface. A close marginal adaptation and seal at the interface is important for successful dental restorations.
> **MeSH UI:** D018772

### Mandibular Advancement [E06.658.280]

> **Definition:** Moving a retruded mandible forward to a normal position. It is commonly performed for malocclusion and retrognathia. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)
> **MeSH UI:** D019186

### Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures [E06.658.337]

> **Definition:** Attachment of orthodontic devices and materials to the MOUTH area for support and to provide a counterforce to orthodontic forces.
> **MeSH UI:** D052280

### Orthodontic Appliance Design [E06.658.450]

> **Definition:** The planning, calculation, and creation of an apparatus for the purpose of correcting the placement or straightening of teeth.
> **MeSH UI:** D016382

### Orthodontic Appliances [E06.658.453]

> **Definition:** Devices used for influencing tooth position. Orthodontic appliances may be classified as fixed or removable, active or retaining, and intraoral or extraoral. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p19)
> **MeSH UI:** D009967

#### Orthodontic Appliances, Fixed [E06.658.453.255]

> **Definition:** ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES attached to the teeth by adhesive material which cannot be removed from the mouth by the patient. These devices apply force to the teeth and supporting structures, thereby producing changes which control their growth and development.
> **MeSH UI:** D000077744

##### Orthodontic Brackets [E06.658.453.255.500]

> **Definition:** Small metal or ceramic attachments used to fasten an arch wire. These attachments are soldered or welded to an orthodontic band or cemented directly onto the teeth. Bowles brackets, edgewise brackets, multiphase brackets, ribbon arch brackets, twin-wire brackets, and universal brackets are all types of orthodontic brackets.
> **MeSH UI:** D016910

#### Orthodontic Appliances, Functional [E06.658.453.560]

> **Definition:** Loose, usually removable intra-oral devices which alter the muscle forces against the teeth and craniofacial skeleton. These are dynamic appliances which depend on altered neuromuscular action to effect bony growth and occlusal development. They are usually used in mixed dentition to treat pediatric malocclusions. (ADA, 1992)
> **MeSH UI:** D017289

##### Activator Appliances [E06.658.453.560.100]

> **Definition:** Loose-fitting removable orthodontic appliances which redirect the pressures of the facial and masticatory muscles onto the teeth and their supporting structures to produce improvements in tooth arrangements and occlusal relations.
> **MeSH UI:** D000202

#### Orthodontic Appliances, Removable [E06.658.453.578]

> **Definition:** Dental devices such as RETAINERS, ORTHODONTIC used to improve gaps in teeth and structure of the jaws. These devices can be removed and reinserted at will.
> **MeSH UI:** D009968

##### Activator Appliances [E06.658.453.578.100]

> **Definition:** Loose-fitting removable orthodontic appliances which redirect the pressures of the facial and masticatory muscles onto the teeth and their supporting structures to produce improvements in tooth arrangements and occlusal relations.
> **MeSH UI:** D000202

##### Extraoral Traction Appliances [E06.658.453.578.360]

> **Definition:** Extraoral devices for applying force to the dentition in order to avoid some of the problems in anchorage control met with in intermaxillary traction and to apply force in directions not otherwise possible.
> **MeSH UI:** D005115

#### Orthodontic Retainers [E06.658.453.637]

> **Definition:** Orthodontic appliances, fixed or removable, used to maintain teeth in corrected positions during the period of functional adaptation following corrective treatment. These appliances are also used to maintain the positions of the teeth and jaws gained by orthodontic procedures. (From Zwemer, Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p263)
> **MeSH UI:** D018704

#### Orthodontic Wires [E06.658.453.684]

> **Definition:** Wires of various dimensions and grades made of stainless steel or precious metal. They are used in orthodontic treatment.
> **MeSH UI:** D009969

### Orthodontics, Corrective [E06.658.578]

> **Definition:** The phase of orthodontics concerned with the correction of malocclusion with proper appliances and prevention of its sequelae (Jablonski's Illus. Dictionary of Dentistry).
> **MeSH UI:** D009971

#### Crown Lengthening [E06.658.578.099]

> **Definition:** Technique combining controlled eruptive TOOTH MOVEMENT TECHNIQUES and incision of the supracrestal gingival attachment to allow for proper restoration of a destroyed or damaged crown of a tooth. Controlled eruption of the tooth is obtained using ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES. During this eruptive phase, repeated incisions are made at the junctional epithelium of the sulcus and the supracrestal connective tissue to prevent coronal displacement of the gingiva and of the attachment apparatus.
> **MeSH UI:** D016556

#### Occlusal Adjustment [E06.658.578.200]

> **Definition:** Selective grinding of occlusal surfaces of the teeth in an effort to eliminate premature contacts and occlusal interferences; to establish optimal masticatory effectiveness, stable occlusal relationships, direction of main occlusal forces, and efficient multidirectional patterns, to improve functional relations and to induce physiologic stimulation of the masticatory system; to eliminate occlusal trauma; to eliminate abnormal muscle tension; to aid in the stabilization of orthodontic results; to treat periodontal and temporomandibular joint problems; and in restorative procedures. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)
> **MeSH UI:** D019558

#### Orthodontic Extrusion [E06.658.578.225]

> **Definition:** Orthodontic movement in the coronal direction achieved by outward tension on the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT. It does not include the operative procedure that CROWN LENGTHENING involves.
> **MeSH UI:** D050793

#### Orthodontic Space Closure [E06.658.578.229]

> **Definition:** Therapeutic closure of spaces caused by the extraction of teeth, the congenital absence of teeth, or the excessive space between teeth.
> **MeSH UI:** D019516

#### Palatal Expansion Technique [E06.658.578.458]

> **Definition:** An orthodontic method used for correcting narrow or collapsed maxillary arches and functional cross-bite. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry),
> **MeSH UI:** D010155

#### Tooth Movement Techniques [E06.658.578.836]

> **Definition:** Orthodontic techniques used to correct the malposition of a tooth or teeth.
> **MeSH UI:** D014087

### Orthodontics, Interceptive [E06.658.641]

> **Definition:** Recognition and elimination of potential irregularities and malpositions in the developing dentofacial complex.
> **MeSH UI:** D009972

#### Serial Extraction [E06.658.641.890]

> **Definition:** The selective extraction of deciduous teeth during the stage of mixed dentition in accordance with the shedding and eruption of the teeth. It is done over an extended period to allow autonomous adjustment to relieve crowding of the dental arches during the eruption of the lateral incisors, canines, and premolars, eventually involving the extraction of the first premolar teeth. (Dorland, 28th ed)
> **MeSH UI:** D012690

### Orthodontics, Preventive [E06.658.703]

> **Definition:** Treatment methods intended to prevent the development of crooked teeth that involve the use of space maintainers for BABY TEETH lost early or removal of PRIMARY TEETH that don't come out on their own. Commonly used in pediatric dentistry.
> **MeSH UI:** D009973

#### Space Maintenance, Orthodontic [E06.658.703.675]

> **Definition:** Common treatment method used in pediatric dentistry that involves the use of fixed or removable space maintainers in order to keep the space left by a baby tooth safe in the event it is lost early. Space maintainers also help permanent teeth to grow safely.
> **MeSH UI:** D013027

## Pathology, Oral [E06.685]

> **Definition:** A dental specialty concerned with pathology of the oral cavity.
> **MeSH UI:** D010339

## Periodontics [E06.721]

> **Definition:** A dental specialty concerned with the histology, physiology, and pathology of the tissues that support, attach, and surround the teeth.
> **MeSH UI:** D010517

### Dental Prophylaxis [E06.721.189]

> **Definition:** Treatment for the prevention of periodontal diseases or other dental diseases by the cleaning of the teeth in the dental office using the procedures of DENTAL SCALING and DENTAL POLISHING. The treatment may include plaque detection, removal of supra- and subgingival plaque and calculus, application of caries-preventing agents, checking of restorations and prostheses and correcting overhanging margins and proximal contours of restorations, and checking for signs of food impaction.
> **MeSH UI:** D003777

#### Dental Scaling [E06.721.189.350]

> **Definition:** Removal of dental plaque and dental calculus from the surface of a tooth, from the surface of a tooth apical to the gingival margin accumulated in periodontal pockets, or from the surface coronal to the gingival margin.
> **MeSH UI:** D012534

##### Root Planing [E06.721.189.350.650]

> **Definition:** A procedure for smoothing of the roughened root surface or cementum of a tooth after subgingival curettage or scaling, as part of periodontal therapy.
> **MeSH UI:** D016745

#### Periodontal Debridement [E06.721.189.675]

> **Definition:** Removal or disruption of DENTAL DEPOSITS and plaque-retentive DENTAL CALCULUS from tooth surfaces and within the periodontal pocket space without deliberate removal of CEMENTUM as done in ROOT PLANING and often in DENTAL SCALING. The goal is to conserve dental cementum to help maintain or re-establish healthy periodontal environment and eliminate PERIODONTITIS by using light instrumentation strokes and nonsurgical techniques (e.g., ultrasonic, laser instruments).
> **MeSH UI:** D057747

### Gingivectomy [E06.721.321]

> **Definition:** Surgical excision of the gingiva at the level of its attachment, thus creating new marginal gingiva. This procedure is used to eliminate gingival or periodontal pockets or to provide an approach for extensive surgical interventions, and to gain access necessary to remove calculus within the pocket. (Dorland, 28th ed)
> **MeSH UI:** D005890

### Gingivoplasty [E06.721.384]

> **Definition:** Surgical reshaping of the gingivae and papillae for correction of deformities (particularly enlargements) and to provide the gingivae with a normal and functional form, the incision creating an external bevel. (Dorland, 28th ed)
> **MeSH UI:** D005893

### Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal [E06.721.485]

> **Definition:** Techniques for enhancing and directing cell growth to repopulate specific parts of the PERIODONTIUM that have been damaged by PERIODONTAL DISEASES; TOOTH DISEASES; or TRAUMA, or to correct TOOTH ABNORMALITIES. Repopulation and repair is achieved by guiding the progenitor cells to reproduce in the desired location by blocking contact with surrounding tissue by use of membranes composed of synthetic or natural material that may include growth inducing factors as well.
> **MeSH UI:** D016557

### Periodontal Dressings [E06.721.595]

> **Definition:** Surgical dressings, after periodontal surgery, applied to the necks of teeth and the adjacent tissue to cover and protect the surgical wound. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p218)
> **MeSH UI:** D010511

### Periodontal Index [E06.721.658]

> **Definition:** A numerical rating scale for classifying the periodontal status of a person or population with a single figure which takes into consideration prevalence as well as severity of the condition. It is based upon probe measurement of periodontal pockets and on gingival tissue status.
> **MeSH UI:** D010512

### Periodontal Prosthesis [E06.721.721]

> **Definition:** Any restorative and replacement device that is used as a therapeutic aid in the treatment of periodontal disease. It is an adjunct to other forms of periodontal therapy and does not cure periodontal disease by itself. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 3d ed)
> **MeSH UI:** D010515

#### Periodontal Splints [E06.721.721.680]

> **Definition:** Fixed or removable devices that join teeth together. They are used to repair teeth that are mobile as a result of PERIODONTITIS.
> **MeSH UI:** D010516

### Subgingival Curettage [E06.721.874]

> **Definition:** Removal of degenerated and necrotic epithelium and underlying connective tissue of a periodontal pocket in an effort to convert a chronic ulcerated wound to an acute surgical wound, thereby insuring wound healing and attachment or epithelial adhesion, and shrinkage of the marginal gingiva. The term is sometimes used in connection with smoothing of a root surface or ROOT PLANING. (Jablonski; Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)
> **MeSH UI:** D013357

#### Root Planing [E06.721.874.650]

> **Definition:** A procedure for smoothing of the roughened root surface or cementum of a tooth after subgingival curettage or scaling, as part of periodontal therapy.
> **MeSH UI:** D016745

## Preventive Dentistry [E06.761]

> **Definition:** The branch of dentistry concerned with the prevention of disease and the maintenance and promotion of oral health.
> **MeSH UI:** D011313

### Dental Prophylaxis [E06.761.227]

> **Definition:** Treatment for the prevention of periodontal diseases or other dental diseases by the cleaning of the teeth in the dental office using the procedures of DENTAL SCALING and DENTAL POLISHING. The treatment may include plaque detection, removal of supra- and subgingival plaque and calculus, application of caries-preventing agents, checking of restorations and prostheses and correcting overhanging margins and proximal contours of restorations, and checking for signs of food impaction.
> **MeSH UI:** D003777

#### Dental Scaling [E06.761.227.350]

> **Definition:** Removal of dental plaque and dental calculus from the surface of a tooth, from the surface of a tooth apical to the gingival margin accumulated in periodontal pockets, or from the surface coronal to the gingival margin.
> **MeSH UI:** D012534

##### Root Planing [E06.761.227.350.650]

> **Definition:** A procedure for smoothing of the roughened root surface or cementum of a tooth after subgingival curettage or scaling, as part of periodontal therapy.
> **MeSH UI:** D016745

### Fluoridation [E06.761.382]

> **Definition:** Practice of adding fluoride to water, and other food or beverages, for the purpose of preventing DENTAL CARIES.
> **MeSH UI:** D005457

#### Fluoride Treatment [E06.761.382.500]

> **Definition:** The topical application of fluorides, usually in pastes, gels, varnishes, TOOTHPASTES or MOUTHWASHES,   to reduce the incidence of DENTAL CARIES. Fluoride Treatment may occur in the dental office or at home. (https://jada.ada.org/article/S0002-8177(14)62166-8/fulltext)
> **MeSH UI:** D000097182

### Mouth Protectors [E06.761.599]

> **Definition:** Devices or pieces of equipment placed in or around the mouth or attached to instruments to protect the external or internal tissues of the mouth and the teeth.
> **MeSH UI:** D009064

### Oral Hygiene [E06.761.726]

> **Definition:** The practice of personal hygiene of the mouth. It includes the maintenance of oral cleanliness, tissue tone, and general preservation of oral health.
> **MeSH UI:** D009910

#### Dental Devices, Home Care [E06.761.726.292]

> **Definition:** Devices used in the home by persons to maintain dental and periodontal health. The devices include toothbrushes, dental flosses, water irrigators, gingival stimulators, etc.
> **MeSH UI:** D003742

#### Toothbrushing [E06.761.726.794]

> **Definition:** The act of cleaning teeth with a brush to remove plaque and prevent tooth decay. (From Webster, 3d ed)
> **MeSH UI:** D014099

## Prosthodontics [E06.780]

> **Definition:** A dental specialty concerned with the restoration and maintenance of oral function by the replacement of missing TEETH and related structures by artificial devices or DENTAL PROSTHESES.
> **MeSH UI:** D011476

### Dental Casting Technique [E06.780.250]

> **Definition:** The process of producing a form or impression made of metal or plaster using a mold.
> **MeSH UI:** D003735

### Dental Implantation [E06.780.314]

> **Definition:** The grafting or inserting of a prosthetic device of alloplastic material into the oral tissue beneath the mucosal or periosteal layer or within the bone. Its purpose is to provide support and retention to a partial or complete denture.
> **MeSH UI:** D003757

#### Dental Implantation, Endosseous [E06.780.314.310]

> **Definition:** Insertion of an implant into the bone of the mandible or maxilla. The implant has an exposed head which protrudes through the mucosa and is a prosthodontic abutment.
> **MeSH UI:** D003758

##### Blade Implantation [E06.780.314.310.340]

> **Definition:** Insertion of an endosseous implant with a narrow wedge-shaped infrastructure extending through the oral mucosa into the mouth and bearing openings or vents through which tissue grows to obtain retention.
> **MeSH UI:** D001751

##### Dental Implantation, Endosseous, Endodontic [E06.780.314.310.360]

> **Definition:** Insertion of a tapered rod through the root canal into the periapical osseous structure to lengthen the existing root and provide individual tooth stabilization.
> **MeSH UI:** D003759

##### Immediate Dental Implant Loading [E06.780.314.310.450]

> **Definition:** Endosseous dental implantation where implants are fitted with an abutment or where an implant with a transmucosal coronal portion is used immediately (within 1 week) after the initial extraction. Conventionally, the implantation is performed in two stages with more than two months in between the stages.
> **MeSH UI:** D057893

#### Dental Implantation, Subperiosteal [E06.780.314.482]

> **Definition:** The grafting or inserting of an appliance designed to fit over the surface of the mandible or the maxilla, beneath the specialized connective tissue that covers the bone (periosteum).
> **MeSH UI:** D016299

### Dental Prosthesis [E06.780.346]

> **Definition:** An artificial replacement for one or more natural teeth or part of a tooth, or associated structures, ranging from a portion of a tooth to a complete denture. The dental prosthesis is used for cosmetic or functional reasons, or both. DENTURES and specific types of dentures are also available. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p244 & Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p643)
> **MeSH UI:** D017266

#### Crowns [E06.780.346.250]

> **Definition:** A prosthetic restoration that reproduces the entire surface anatomy of the visible natural crown of a tooth. It may be partial (covering three or more surfaces of a tooth) or complete (covering all surfaces). It is made of gold or other metal, porcelain, or resin.
> **MeSH UI:** D003442

##### Post and Core Technique [E06.780.346.250.500]

> **Definition:** Use of a metal casting, usually with a post in the pulp or root canal, designed to support and retain an artificial crown.
> **MeSH UI:** D011176

#### Dental Abutments [E06.780.346.500]

> **Definition:** Natural teeth or teeth roots used as anchorage for a fixed or removable denture or other prosthesis (such as an implant) serving the same purpose.
> **MeSH UI:** D000044

#### Dental Cavity Lining [E06.780.346.531]

> **Definition:** An inner coating, as of varnish or other protective substance, to cover the dental cavity wall. It is usually a resinous film-forming agent dissolved in a volatile solvent, or a suspension of calcium hydroxide in a solution of a synthetic resin. The lining seals the dentinal tubules and protects the pulp before a restoration is inserted. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)
> **MeSH UI:** D003736

#### Dental Clasps [E06.780.346.562]

> **Definition:** Metal devices for fastening together two or more parts of dental prostheses for stabilizing or retaining them by attachment to abutment teeth. For a precision attachment for a partial denture DENTURE PRECISION ATTACHMENT is available.
> **MeSH UI:** D016734

#### Dental Implants [E06.780.346.593]

> **Definition:** Biocompatible materials placed into (endosseous) or onto (subperiosteal) the jawbone to support a crown, bridge, or artificial tooth, or to stabilize a diseased tooth.
> **MeSH UI:** D015921

##### Dental Implants, Single-Tooth [E06.780.346.593.185]

> **Definition:** Devices, usually alloplastic, surgically inserted into or onto the jawbone, which support a single prosthetic tooth and serve either as abutments or as cosmetic replacements for missing teeth.
> **MeSH UI:** D019250

#### Dental Prosthesis Design [E06.780.346.625]

> **Definition:** The plan and delineation of dental prostheses in general or a specific dental prosthesis. It does not include DENTURE DESIGN. The framework usually consists of metal.
> **MeSH UI:** D017267

##### Dental Implant-Abutment Design [E06.780.346.625.500]

> **Definition:** The plan and delineation of DENTAL IMPLANT fitting with DENTAL ABUTMENT.
> **MeSH UI:** D059605

#### Dental Prosthesis Repair [E06.780.346.656]

> **Definition:** The process of reuniting or replacing a broken or worn dental prosthesis or its part.
> **MeSH UI:** D017269

#### Dental Prosthesis Retention [E06.780.346.687]

> **Definition:** Holding a DENTAL PROSTHESIS in place by its design, or by the use of additional devices or adhesives.
> **MeSH UI:** D017268

#### Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported [E06.780.346.706]

> **Definition:** A prosthesis that gains its support, stability, and retention from a substructure that is implanted under the soft tissues of the basal seat of the device and is in contact with bone. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)
> **MeSH UI:** D019094

#### Dental Restoration Failure [E06.780.346.725]

> **Definition:** Inability or inadequacy of a dental restoration or prosthesis to perform as expected.
> **MeSH UI:** D019232

#### Dental Restoration, Permanent [E06.780.346.737]

> **Definition:** A restoration designed to remain in service for not less than 20 to 30 years, usually made of gold casting, cohesive gold, or amalgam. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)
> **MeSH UI:** D003793

##### Dental Restoration Repair [E06.780.346.737.112]

> **Definition:** The process of repairing broken or worn parts of a PERMANENT DENTAL RESTORATION.
> **MeSH UI:** D058250

##### Dental Restoration Wear [E06.780.346.737.125]

> **Definition:** Occlusal wear of the surfaces of restorations and surface wear of dentures.
> **MeSH UI:** D019554

##### Inlays [E06.780.346.737.500]

> **Definition:** Restorations of metal, porcelain, or plastic made to fit a cavity preparation, then cemented into the tooth. Onlays are restorations which fit into cavity preparations and overlay the occlusal surface of a tooth or teeth. Onlays are retained by frictional or mechanical factors.
> **MeSH UI:** D007284

#### Dental Restoration, Temporary [E06.780.346.740]

> **Definition:** A prosthesis or restoration placed for a limited period, from several days to several months, which is designed to seal the tooth and maintain its position until a permanent restoration (DENTAL RESTORATION, PERMANENT) will replace it. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)
> **MeSH UI:** D003794

#### Dental Veneers [E06.780.346.750]

> **Definition:** The use of a layer of tooth-colored material, usually porcelain or acrylic resin, applied to the surface of natural teeth, crowns, or pontics by fusion, cementation, or mechanical retention.
> **MeSH UI:** D003801

#### Dentures [E06.780.346.760]

> **Definition:** An appliance used as an artificial or prosthetic replacement for missing teeth and adjacent tissues. It does not include CROWNS; DENTAL ABUTMENTS; nor TOOTH, ARTIFICIAL.
> **MeSH UI:** D003778

##### Denture Bases [E06.780.346.760.281]

> **Definition:** The part of a denture that overlies the soft tissue and supports the supplied teeth and is supported in turn by abutment teeth or the residual alveolar ridge. It is usually made of resins or metal or their combination.
> **MeSH UI:** D003819

##### Denture Design [E06.780.346.760.300]

> **Definition:** The plan, delineation, and location of actual structural elements of dentures. The design can relate to retainers, stress-breakers, occlusal rests, flanges, framework, lingual or palatal bars, reciprocal arms, etc.
> **MeSH UI:** D003779

##### Denture Liners [E06.780.346.760.357]

> **Definition:** Material applied to the tissue side of a denture to provide a soft lining to the parts of a denture coming in contact with soft tissue. It cushions contact of the denture with the tissues.
> **MeSH UI:** D003822

##### Denture Rebasing [E06.780.346.760.471]

> **Definition:** The process of refitting a denture by replacing the denture base material without changing the occlusal relations of the teeth. Rebasing may include adding to the denture base to compensate for resorptive changes to subjacent structures.
> **MeSH UI:** D003823

##### Denture Repair [E06.780.346.760.500]

> **Definition:** The process of reuniting or replacing broken or worn parts of a denture.
> **MeSH UI:** D003780

##### Denture Retention [E06.780.346.760.550]

> **Definition:** The retention of a denture in place by design, device, or adhesion.
> **MeSH UI:** D003781

##### Denture, Complete [E06.780.346.760.775]

> **Definition:** A denture replacing all natural teeth and associated structures in both the maxilla and mandible.
> **MeSH UI:** D003824

###### Denture, Complete, Immediate [E06.780.346.760.775.254]

> **Definition:** A complete denture constructed for replacement of natural teeth immediately after their removal. It does not fit the mouth perfectly and is intended only for functional and cosmetic purposes during the healing process after total extraction. It is to be replaced by the fitted permanent denture.
> **MeSH UI:** D003825

###### Denture, Complete, Lower [E06.780.346.760.775.379]

> **Definition:** A complete denture replacing all the natural mandibular teeth and associated structures. It is completely supported by the oral tissue and underlying mandibular bone.
> **MeSH UI:** D003826

###### Denture, Complete, Upper [E06.780.346.760.775.504]

> **Definition:** A complete denture replacing all the natural maxillary teeth and associated maxillary structures. It is completely supported by the oral tissue and underlying maxillary bone.
> **MeSH UI:** D003827

##### Denture, Overlay [E06.780.346.760.887]

> **Definition:** Removable prosthesis constructed over natural teeth or implanted studs.
> **MeSH UI:** D003828

##### Denture, Partial [E06.780.346.760.943]

> **Definition:** A denture replacing one or more (but not all) natural teeth. It is supported and retained by underlying tissue and some or all of the remaining teeth.
> **MeSH UI:** D003829

###### Denture, Partial, Fixed [E06.780.346.760.943.271]

> **Definition:** A partial denture attached to prepared natural teeth, roots, or implants by cementation.
> **MeSH UI:** D003830

###### Denture, Partial, Fixed, Resin-Bonded [E06.780.346.760.943.271.260]

> **Definition:** A commonly used prosthesis that results in a strong, permanent restoration. It consists of an electrolytically etched cast-metal retainer that is cemented (bonded), using resins, to adjacent teeth whose enamel was previously acid-treated (acid-etched). This type of bridgework is sometimes referred to as a Maryland bridge.
> **MeSH UI:** D016379

###### Denture, Partial, Immediate [E06.780.346.760.943.342]

> **Definition:** A partial denture constructed before the teeth it replaces are removed. It is then inserted immediately after the removal of the natural teeth for functional and cosmetic reasons during the healing process. It is to be replaced later by the fitted partial denture.
> **MeSH UI:** D003831

###### Denture, Partial, Removable [E06.780.346.760.943.413]

> **Definition:** A partial denture designed and constructed to be removed readily from the mouth.
> **MeSH UI:** D003832

###### Denture, Partial, Temporary [E06.780.346.760.943.484]

> **Definition:** A partial denture intended for short-term use in a temporary or emergency situation.
> **MeSH UI:** D003833

###### Denture Precision Attachment [E06.780.346.760.943.555]

> **Definition:** A precision device used for attaching a fixed or removable partial denture to the crown of an abutment tooth or a restoration. One type is the intracoronal attachment and the other type is the extracoronal attachment. It consists of a female portion within the coronal portion of the crown of an abutment and a fitted male portion attached to the denture proper. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p85; from Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p264)
> **MeSH UI:** D003834

#### Palatal Obturators [E06.780.346.850]

> **Definition:** Appliances that close a cleft or fissure of the palate.
> **MeSH UI:** D010158

#### Tooth, Artificial [E06.780.346.875]

> **Definition:** A fabricated tooth substituting for a natural tooth in a prosthesis. It is usually made of porcelain or plastic.
> **MeSH UI:** D014093

### Dental Marginal Adaptation [E06.780.620]

> **Definition:** The degree of approximation or fit of filling material or dental prosthetic to the tooth surface. A close marginal adaptation and seal at the interface is important for successful dental restorations.
> **MeSH UI:** D018772

### Resonance Frequency Analysis [E06.780.758]

> **Definition:** A non-invasive assessment of the stability of tissue-embedded prosthetic devices such as dental implants.
> **MeSH UI:** D000074269

### Tissue Conditioning, Dental [E06.780.895]

> **Definition:** The use of a treatment material (tissue conditioner) to re-establish tone and health to irritated oral soft tissue, usually applied to the edentulous alveolar ridge.
> **MeSH UI:** D014016

## Surgery, Oral [E06.892]

> **Definition:** A dental specialty concerned with the diagnosis and surgical treatment of disease, injuries, and defects of the human oral and maxillofacial region.
> **MeSH UI:** D013515

### Orthognathic Surgery [E06.892.500]

> **Definition:** A surgical specialty concerned with correcting conditions related to malposition of the jawbones and other related MAXILLOFACIAL ABNORMALITIES (e.g., CLEFT PALATE; RETROGNATHISM).
> **MeSH UI:** D057909

## Technology, Dental [E06.912]

> **Definition:** The field of dentistry involved in procedures for designing and constructing dental appliances. It includes also the application of any technology to the field of dentistry.
> **MeSH UI:** D013674

### Dental Casting Technique [E06.912.115]

> **Definition:** The process of producing a form or impression made of metal or plaster using a mold.
> **MeSH UI:** D003735

### Dental Impression Technique [E06.912.130]

> **Definition:** Procedure of producing an imprint or negative likeness of the teeth and/or edentulous areas. Impressions are made in plastic material which becomes hardened or set while in contact with the tissue. They are later filled with plaster of Paris or artificial stone to produce a facsimile of the oral structures present. Impressions may be made of a full complement of teeth, of areas where some teeth have been removed, or in a mouth from which all teeth have been extracted. (Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)
> **MeSH UI:** D003761

### Dental Prosthesis Design [E06.912.145]

> **Definition:** The plan and delineation of dental prostheses in general or a specific dental prosthesis. It does not include DENTURE DESIGN. The framework usually consists of metal.
> **MeSH UI:** D017267

#### Dental Implant-Abutment Design [E06.912.145.750]

> **Definition:** The plan and delineation of DENTAL IMPLANT fitting with DENTAL ABUTMENT.
> **MeSH UI:** D059605

### Dental Prosthesis Repair [E06.912.160]

> **Definition:** The process of reuniting or replacing a broken or worn dental prosthesis or its part.
> **MeSH UI:** D017269

### Dental Soldering [E06.912.190]

> **Definition:** The joining of pieces of metal through the use of an alloy which has a lower melting point, usually at least 100 degrees Celsius below the fusion temperature of the parts being soldered. In dentistry, soldering is used for joining components of a dental appliance, as in assembling a bridge, joining metals to orthodontic bands, or adding to the bulk of certain structures, such as the establishment of proper contact areas on inlays and crowns with adjacent teeth. (Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)
> **MeSH UI:** D012994

### Denture Design [E06.912.250]

> **Definition:** The plan, delineation, and location of actual structural elements of dentures. The design can relate to retainers, stress-breakers, occlusal rests, flanges, framework, lingual or palatal bars, reciprocal arms, etc.
> **MeSH UI:** D003779

### Denture Identification Marking [E06.912.275]

> **Definition:** Any system of defining ownership of dentures or dental prostheses.
> **MeSH UI:** D003821

### Denture Rebasing [E06.912.280]

> **Definition:** The process of refitting a denture by replacing the denture base material without changing the occlusal relations of the teeth. Rebasing may include adding to the denture base to compensate for resorptive changes to subjacent structures.
> **MeSH UI:** D003823

### Denture Repair [E06.912.285]

> **Definition:** The process of reuniting or replacing broken or worn parts of a denture.
> **MeSH UI:** D003780

### Gingival Retraction Techniques [E06.912.480]

> **Definition:** Techniques used to expose dental surface below the gingival margin in order to obtain better dental impression during periodental and peri-implant applications. The retraction of the gingival tissue can be achieved surgically (e.g., laser gingivectomy and rotary curettage) or chemically with a retraction cord.
> **MeSH UI:** D060745

### Orthodontic Appliance Design [E06.912.675]

> **Definition:** The planning, calculation, and creation of an apparatus for the purpose of correcting the placement or straightening of teeth.
> **MeSH UI:** D016382

## Tooth Preparation [E06.931]

> **Definition:** Procedures carried out with regard to the teeth or tooth structures preparatory to specified dental therapeutic and surgical measures.
> **MeSH UI:** D019246

### Dental Cavity Preparation [E06.931.325]

> **Definition:** An operation in which carious material is removed from teeth and biomechanically correct forms are established in the teeth to receive and retain restorations. A constant requirement is provision for prevention of failure of the restoration through recurrence of decay or inadequate resistance to applied stresses. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p239-40)
> **MeSH UI:** D003737

### Dental Etching [E06.931.475]

> **Definition:** Preparation of TOOTH surfaces, and of materials bonded to teeth or DENTAL IMPLANTS, with agents and methods which roughen the surface to facilitate adhesion. Agents include phosphoric or other acids (ACID ETCHING, DENTAL) and methods include LASERS.
> **MeSH UI:** D045662

#### Acid Etching, Dental [E06.931.475.111]

> **Definition:** Preparation of TOOTH surfaces and DENTAL MATERIALS with etching agents, usually phosphoric acid, to roughen the surface to increase adhesion or osteointegration.
> **MeSH UI:** D000134

### Root Canal Preparation [E06.931.625]

> **Definition:** Various preparatory steps prior to ROOT CANAL THERAPY by extirpation of diseased pulp and preparation of access cavity to receive the sealing material.
> **MeSH UI:** D018915

### Tooth Preparation, Prosthodontic [E06.931.750]

> **Definition:** The selected form given to a natural tooth when it is reduced by instrumentation to receive a prosthesis (e.g., artificial crown or a retainer for a fixed or removable prosthesis). The selection of the form is guided by clinical circumstances and physical properties of the materials that make up the prosthesis. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p239)
> **MeSH UI:** D019231

## Tooth Remineralization [E06.950]

> **Definition:** Therapeutic technique for replacement of minerals in partially decalcified teeth.
> **MeSH UI:** D014089